Top Inventions From the 50s Through the 90s

I know that I am very different from other students. I...

I know that I am very different from other students. I have an extremely analytical mind and objective view on life, and so am passionate about subjects helping me gain a deeper understanding of the psychological factors that shape our actions and our lives. I had a fairly traditional introduction to the ideas of psychology and fashion as I grew up reading my mums glossy magazines; but like so many others around me, my knowledge of the psychological affects fashion has on society was slim. So I was given the impression from a young age that fashion is, as it appeared in these magazines – glamorous and flawless. However, they didn’t address problems that directly affect society and that had already affected me whilst growing up, such as†¦show more content†¦I have increasingly questioned the meaning behind unusual behavior, for instance aggression, arrogance and the techniques we use as humans, as defense mechanisms, such as humor. Wanting to balance my insight with the opinions of expert psychologists I purchased a subscription to The Psychologist magazine, which has also increased my thirst for the subject. I have learnt about the dynamic science of the mind, becoming informed of contemporary debates; for instance the Bystander Effect that definitely made me question the _________. One of the most intriguing articles I read was about the connection between sport psychology and the Olympics to mainstream psychology. Since the spark of my interest for Psychology I have spent time doing extra curricular activities in order to gain experience; such as volunteering for Brent Active Citizens as mentor for young people with mental health problems and this has allowed me to use my understanding of how others think and feel and put it into practice. Currently on my gap year I am working (for SANE mental health charity as an office executive which has been a completely life changing experience; allowing me to be part of the huge innovation to change the lives of many others.) Above all, I believe I am a determined and disciplined student with very high, but realistic goals. I am excited about the immense opportunity of studying psychology at university, gaining new skills, knowledge and a tolerance of the diversityShow MoreRelatedSelf-Defeating Behavior Patterns1630 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior patterns I have is procrastinating. I know that many students suffer from this behavior pattern and struggle with it, but in my case, I consider it a serious problem that has influenced my academic work. Because of procrastinating, I sometimes have to work fast (and thus imperfectly) at the last minute and work under stress. I may even not be able to finish my work in time because of not starting to do it earlier. For example, recently I needed to write an analytical essay for my EnglishRead MoreBenefits Of A Healthy Meal1689 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I was a little girl, I swore that I was going to be a princess. Every night, at dinner I would sit at the table with my Cinderella costume to a typical American meal. My family wasn’t fat from our greasy meals, we were just unhealthy. I think what first made me consider to change my unrealistic dream was the day my mother decided to make a change for the family. I, of course was not all that pleased to sit down to a plate full of veggies, but our family life was transforming. My mother startedRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1510 Words   |  7 Pagesundoubtedly, is a great tool to make one’s mind flourished by prospects in his/her life. We cannot ignore the betterment and open doors of opportunities in the future by gaining knowledge. Hence, education enables us to interpret the world by our own eyes and logic. My c oncept in childhood on education was limited to the school subjects and the same for the careers in the society. However, I could imagine an endless path towards education later on. Since then, I was very keen on learning new things especiallyRead MoreA Brief Note On Interview And My Father Who Is The Chief Operating Officer Of The Company1323 Words   |  6 PagesPondering about who to interview, only one came into my mind as I felt it was about time to finally get to know this individual. She is a woman who my family looks up to, as an example and inspiration, and a mother who has a positive light to everyone around her. Whenever I am with her, she always produces an aurora of kindness and happiness that is strongly felt. Thus, I wanted to know more about her, what makes her who she is. She is Jusni Ridjab, my aunt. 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Hybrid Fuzzy Pid Control For Bldc Motor †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Hybrid Fuzzy Pid Control For Bldc Motor? Answer: Introducation Motor stands as a very basic part from very small electronic device to a huge electronic device and for the larger and high powered electronic devices, high performance of the motor becomes vital, especially, in the industrial applications, like electric trains, steel rolling mills and robotics, where the basic functionality of the device would be majorly dependent on the performance and reliability of the motor. Eventually, a decent motor drive system with higher performance demand the vital features, such as load regulating response, command tracking with good dynamics speed, to achieve the reliable and expected performance, for longer period of time. DC drives act as the best and ideal solution for these industrial requirements, for their ease of application, favourable cost, high reliabilities and flexibilities and so are considered as the backbone of the home appliances, robot manipulators and industrial applications. The matching in all these applications by DC drives is becaus e of the requirements of control of position and speed of the motor. The complexity of the DC drives is lesser than that of the AC drives, because the characteristic of speed torque of them, is much more than AC drives. In addition to that, DC motors have tremendous speed control for deceleration and acceleration and are available at less expensive cost, for even higher ratings of horsepower. All it needs is just a single system for conversion of power to DC from AC. DC drives has become a tradition in the industrial applications and home appliances, because of the machines that are adjustable with speed and various features. The logic for the match of the applications is that DC drives allows the designers and developers of the existing and new electronic applications, for the precise control of the speed of the motor, for the desired performance. The speed controllers have been the key to performance, of the motors, because of DC motor speed control can execute numerous varied tas ks, from conventional controller types and numeric controller types. These speed controllers in application are usually of FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller), PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and PI (Proportional Integral) and combination of these controllers, such as Fuzzy Genetics Algorithm, Fuzzy=Neural Networks, Fuzzy Swarm[1]. The majority of the control system in the electronic industry in the world is operated by the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative), over 95% of the industrial process control applications. The dominated use of the PID in these applications is because of the unmatchable simplicity, applicability and clear functionality and ease of use, compared to the other controllers[2]. Hence, the PID controllers provide reliable performance and robust performance, for the electronic systems, when apt usage of the parameters and tuning of the PID is set. However, there are certain major issues associated with the control algorithm, used conventionally, such as PID, PD, PI, for the DC motors, is non-linearity effects. The conventional controllers performance can be degraded by the DC motors non-linear characteristics, like fictions and saturation, etc.[3]. It is generally, difficult find the actual DC motors non-linear model and only approximated values can be obtained for the parameters, from systems identification. Background Fuzzy Logic Control Fuzzy Logic Control has been introduced and developed in 1973, by L.A. Zadeh and started its application, in 1974, by Mamdani, as an attempt to control system, which have difficulty in modelling structurally. And FLC has become one of the significant fuzzy set theory applications and has been spreading in recent years, with rapid progress. The progress of the FLC has become fruitful and extremely active area of research, having numerous industrial applications. Hence, the FLC has been evolved as a complementary and best alternative to the control strategies used conventionally, in different areas of engineering. The best part is thwat the theory of fuzzy control provides non-linear controllers, having the capability to perform various non-linear complex control action, also for nonlinear systems that are uncertain. FLC design demands no precise system model knowledge, like systems zero and poles of transfer functions, unlike the conventional control. Fuzzy control system have the two critical inputs, in its design, that are rate change of the error and tracking error, in the way of human learning imitation[4]. Advantages FLC provide the advantages, as the following. Faster system response Simplicity in the design Provides hint of intelligence of human to the controller Needs no mathematical modelling, related to the system Cost effective Increased reliability of the system Increased precision degree Easy handling of the non-linearity of the system Makes use of linguistic variables, in place of numerical ones Having all the above advantages, fuzzy controllers are allowed in the systems, where the process parameters identification with parameters and process description are highly difficult. Thus, control mechanism can be obtained by the fuzzy characteristics [13]. Challenges Of Fuzzy Techniques Fuzzy logic has been experiencing continued success in wider range of applications and so gaining acceptance, in the community of the control engineering, but, there are certain inherent difficulties of the fuzzy techniques, in terms of approaching difficulties, that have been restricting them to grow. The difficulties of the fuzzy techniques are as the following that face the difficultness in the development of the applications. Difficulties to select appropriate function shapes of membership Difficulties to fuzzy rules development, by hand, when larger systems are considered Difficulties, in terms of fuzzy solutions fine tuning, when certain degree and levels of accuracy are specified, and when the robustness or reliability has to be guaranteed, of the solutions. The method of trial and error, still stands to be the basic method, towards expert knowledge improvement, for stable and tuned fuzzy controller development. Fuzzy Logic Applications Subway train Enhances the accuracy of stop and increases the stable drive with evaluation of conditions of passenger traffic. Gives a better and smoother stop and smoother start Video camcorder Determination of the best lighting and focusing, during the picture movement Television Higher precision of adjustment of colour, brightness and contrast, related to the picture, to the please viewers Motor control Enhances and improves the motion control range and accuracy, when unexpected conditions are occurred Washing machine Making adjustment of the washing cycle, through fabric type, load size and dirt judgement Objective The project has the following objectives. To model the existed BLDC DC motor, separately To control of the speed of BLDC DC motor through typical conventional methods of controlling To control the speed of the BLDC DC motor, with the controller of FUZZY-PID To analyze the MFs sensitivity, evaluation and comparison, considering difference kinds of them, in the speed control of the fuzzy PID BLDC DC motor To compare the various techniques of the speed controlling Problem Statement When the typical control techniques are considered, the usage of the PID controller was to use as a structure of standard control. Because of this external disturbances and variation of parameters, in this process, the industrial machinery performance would be distorted greatly and it results in the reduction of the efficiency. When the new control technique is considered, with the fuzzy and PID controllers, using as a conventional technique extension, as it preserves the PID controller linear structure. The fuzzy and PID controllers have been designed, with the fuzzy logic control basic principle, towards gaining a new controller, similar to the controllers of the digital PID, possessing analytical formulas. The fuzzy PID controllers possess control gains varied, in linear structure of them. Varied error signal rages and errors nonlinear functions are some of the variable gains and eventually helps in overall performance improvement, because of characteristics features of them, such as, mechanism of self-tuning that can be adaptable towards rapid error changes and error rate of change, by effects of time delays, uncertainties and nonlinearities, related to the process[5]. A remarkable disadvantage possessed by these fuzzy logic based methods is the appropriate tools lacking, for the analysis of performance of the controllers, like robustness, optimality, stability, etc. One of the significant things is to have the right choice of the rule based and membership functions parameters, due to the fact that the control of the fuzzy logic, stands similar to the control algorithm, stands on the strategy of linguistic control, deriving from the knowledge of expert, into the strategy of automatic control. The FLC operation is according to the qualitative knowledge, regarding the controlling system. It needs the application of the adequate experience and knowledge, to ensure good response, obtained by the system. The application of PID controller cannot be with the system, having faster parameters change, as it demands PID contrast change, in terms of time. Hence, further study of the Fuzzy controllers and PID controller possible combinations. It indicates that the system has to be controlled well, by PID that is in turn supervised by the system of fuzzy[6]. There are various kinds of MF (Membership Functions) proposed for the system of fuzzy control. The provision of MFs custom design is possible, in certain software of the fuzzy control. The fuzzy control literature gives indication of various kinds of MFs applications[7]. References Zhoa Jin and K. Bose, Bimal Evaluation Of Membership Function For Fuzzy Logic Controlled Induction Motor. Varun Varuneet, Bhargavi G. and Suneet Nayak, Speed Control Of Induction Motor UsingFuzzy Logic Approach. Malhotra Rahul and Kaur Tejbeer, Dc Motor Control Using Fuzzy Logic Controller, (Ijaest) International Journal Of Advanced Engineering Sciences And Technologies Vol No. 8, Issue No. 2, 291 296. Alloua Bomediene and Abderrahamani ABdessalam, Neuro-Fuzzy DC Motor speed Control Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Leonaro Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies ISSN,1583-1078. Pattaradej Thana, Chen Guanrong and Sooraksa Pitikhate, Design and Implementation of Fuzzy PID Control of a bicycle robot, (Integrated computer-aided engineering, (2002) Vol.9, No.4, Zhang, N. Wang and S. Wang, A developed method of tuning PID controllers with fuzzy rules for integrating process, ( 2004) Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, pp. 1109-1114. J. Chalmers, Influence of saturation in brushless permanent magnet drives, (IEE proc. B, 1992), Electr.Power Appl, vol.139, no.1. H. Ang, G. Chong and Y. Li, PID control system analysis, design and technology, (IEEE transaction on Control System Technology, 2005), Vol.13, No.4, pp. 559-576. Tushir Meena, Srivastava Smriti, Design And Simulation Of A Novel Clustering Based Fuzzy Controller For DC Motor Speed Control,( Innovative Systems Design And Engineering, 2011) ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online) Vol 2, No 7, Chow and A. Menozzi, On The Comparison Of Emerging And Conventional Techniques For DC Motor Control (proc.IECON, 1992) PP.1008- 1013,. Essam Natsheh, Khalid A. Buragga, Comparison between Conventional and Fuzzy Logic PID Controllers for Controlling DC Motors, (2010) IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5. Haytham M. Fayek, I. Elamvazuthi, Type-2 Fuzzy Logic PI (T2FLPI) Based DC Servomotor Control, (2012) Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(5):2564- 2574. Dr. R. Arulmozhiyal,R. Kandiban, An Intelligent Speed Controller for Brushless DC Motor, 978-1-4577-2119-9/12,2012,IEEE. Malkeet Saini,Neeraj Sharma, Speed Control of Separately excited D.C Motor Using Computional Method, (2012) Vol 1 Issue 7. [1] BomedieneAlloua and ABdessalamAbderrahamani, Neuro-Fuzzy DC Motor speed Control Using Particle Swarm Optimization, Leonaro Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies ISSN,1583-1078. [2] J. Zhang, N. Wang and S. Wang, A developed method of tuning PID controllers with fuzzy rules for integrating process, ( 2004) Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, , pp. 1109-1114 [3] B.J. Chalmers, Influence of saturation in brushless permanent magnet drives, ( 1992) IEE proc. B, Electr.Power Appl, vol.139, no.1. [4] Thana Pattaradej, Guanrong Chen and PitikhateSooraksa, "Design and Implementation of Fuzzy PID Control of a bicycle robot", (2002) Integrated computer-aided engineering, Vol.9, No.4. [5] Rahul Malhotra,Tejbeer Kaur, Dc Motor Control Using Fuzzy Logic Controller, (Ijaest) International Journal Of Advanced Engineering Sciences And Technologies Vol No. 8, Issue No. 2, 291 296. [6] Varuneet Varun, G. Bhargavi, Suneet Nayak, Speed Control Of Induction Motor UsingFuzzy Logic Approach. [7] Tushir Meena, Srivastava Smriti, Design And Simulation Of A Novel Clustering Based Fuzzy Controller For DC Motor Speed Control, (2011) Innovative Systems Design And Engineering, ISSN 2222-1727 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (Online) Vol 2, No 7.